X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy provides quantitative chemical state information on the upper 1-10 nm of a surface.
Our Axis Supra is equipped with
a monochromated Al-kα X-ray source
a Minibeam VI gas cluster ion source allowing in situ sample cleaning and depth profiling
a spherical mirror analyser capable of chemical mapping with a spatial resolution below 3 µm
UPS source to allow examination of the valence electron region of surfaces.
Basic principle
An X-ray beam is focussed onto a surface resulting in the ejection of electrons with kinetic energies characteristic of the atoms and bonding environments they originate from.
Survey spectra
The number of electrons is plotted as a function of binding energy to produce survey spectra.
These spectra show the elemental composition of a surface, and allow
identification of unknowns
purity of substances
Survey spectra
High resolution spectra
The binding energy of a photoelectron reflects the bonding environment it was emitted from.
Accurate measurement of peak positions after deconvolution of high resolution spectra provides quantitative chemical state information. This includes
quantified surface composition
oxidation states
chemical bonding
extent of reaction
High resolution spectra